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| Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also recognized as a request for, since the surface of the most ordinary technique used is to analyze the relative easiness of application and data. Interpretation. X-ray level of electrons towards the bottom of the expulsion of the sample. Photoemitted binding energy is an essential function. And energy characteristics of the item was posted. Which the sample is irradiated by a photoelectron monoenergetic X-rays are emitted. The surface of the sample. The kinetic energy, the X-ray photoelectron, h. Electron binding energy, Eb, the energy is given by.
Ek = h - Eb
The experimentally measured energies of the photoelectrons are given by:
Ek = h - Eb - Ew
Ew, it is the work of the spectrometer.
XPS is used to measure: -
Surface elemental composition (usually high-level 1-10 nm)
Empirical formula of pure materials
The basic composition of the upper surface (or line profiling or mapping) Uniformity
The pollution of surface elements
Photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray and other uses (XPS)
Inorganic compounds, metals, alloys, polymers, semiconductors, components, catalysts, glass, ceramics, paint, ink, paper, wood, plant fragments, the analysis of make-up, Teeth, bones, medical implants, biomaterials, sticky oils, adhesives, ion exchange materials, and many others.
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